DNA Fingerprinting

deoxyribonucleic acid contains genic material and nurture that makes up idiosyncraticly individual trait. E real person can be identified by providing his or her genetic information based on a particular deoxyribonucleic acid strand. deoxyribonucleic acid information is an effective counsel of identifying persons if it is employ properly. It is aimd to identify humans in unlike situations much(prenominal) as criminal offence positions, accident scenes, paternity screen outing, soldier remain identification, heritage claims, missing person investigations, and convicted felon databases. Although there atomic fall 18 different ways to identify DNA, the most common method is DNA fingerprinting. The process that was used in the lab try was colloidal gel dielectrolysis.Before DNA fingerprinting, a different method called Blood typing was used. This method was used to identify raft by taking a stress of dried blood. But this method had some disadvantages for example, m any people who receive blood by transfusionundergo changes in their blood characteristics,making laborious the blood typing also, blood typing compulsory an amount of body fluid that sometimes was not enough or that other times was deteriorated, making it impossible to do the blood typing. So, because of these disadvantages, DNA fingerprinting began to be used as a forensic tool.Restriction crash Length Polymorphisms (RFPLs) is a restriction enzyme that recognizes a specific strand of the nucleotides in DNA. This strand is different in every individual the restriction enzymes press the part of the DNA strand that is different, and it is used in gel electrophoresis to identify a person. For example, in crime scene investigations the DNA sample that is put is compared with the sample of surmises bythe gel electrophoresis procedure in found to watch out if the suspect commit a crime.When doing the gel electrophoresis process,different DNA strands are set in the lanes of the g el, and they are run by an electrochemical incline from negative to positive to separate these strands. When the strands separate, they group themselves in bands. The shortest bands blend in at higher speed therefore, they are found at the end of the gel. This experiment gives the possibility to identify which bands are the same to theone that was found in the scene, allowingreaching the objective, which is to uncover who is responsible at the crime scene.MATERIALSRestriction enzyme Colored micro-tubes contain DNA samples DNA loading soil Agarose gel Pipet Tips Electrophoresis setup TAE Buffer Centrifuge 120 ml of 100X blue stain. Tray 40 to 50 Celsius of tap water. IceMETHODS1. In the lab experiment DNA samples were provided in glowering micro-tubes that were incubated in ice.2. 5 ulof DNA loading dye were placed in each sample tube and each tube was flipped gently with afinger. 3. A centrifuge was used to mix the DNA sample with the loading dye. 4. Theagarose gel was placed w ith thetop of the gel to the negative side in electrophoresis apparatus, and the electrophoresis box was filled with TAE buffer until it had completely covered the gel. 5. A pipet was used with different tips, and DNA samples were loaded into different lanes of the gel in the following shape driveway 2 DNA sizes marker 10ulLane 3 queer one, 20 ul Lane 4 Suspect 2, 20 ul Lane 5 Suspect three, 20 ul Lane 6 Suspect four, 20 ul Lane 7 Suspect five, 20 ul6. The lid was placed in the electrophoresis chamber and plugged into the power supply. The power supply was dark on and the samples were electrophoresed at 100V for 30 minutes. 7. After that, the gel was removed conservatively from the gel box and placed in a tray. 8. 120 ml of 100X fast blast of DNA stain was added. The gel was stained for two minutes with gentle movement. 9. The gel was transferred into a large tray and the gel was rinsed with unattackable tap water twice, with gentle shaking.The gel was leftto dry for 24 hours .Loadind dye was Centrifuge wasused gelatine was placed DNA samples were placed in each to mix DNA and electrophoresis loaded in the gel micro-tube samplesloading dyeapparatusElectrophoresis Gel was placed in aGel was transferred Gel was rinse until chamberwas connected tray filled with to a clean tray the excess of stain to the power supply stain with reproach tap water was removedRESULTSGel ElectrophoresisMolecular marker Crime Scene Suspect 1 Suspect 2 Suspect 3 Suspect 4 Suspect 5 Band remoteness (mm) Actual size (bp) Distance (mm) Approx sizing (bp) Distance (mm) Approx. Size (bp Distance (mm) Approx. Size (bp) Distance (mm) Approx. Size (bp) Distance (mm) Approx Size (bp) Distance (mm) Approx Size (bp 1 4 23,000 10 5,700 12 5,000 12 5,000 10 5,700 12 5,000 12 5,000 2 7 9,400 12 5,000 17 2,500 15 4,400 12 5,000 18 2,300 14 4,600 3 9 6,500 19 2,250 18 2,300 17 2,500 19 2,250 22 2,200 19 2,250 4 15 4,4005 18 2,3006 22 2,000DNA Bands Data TableBased on the results of the gel el ectrophoresis, suspect number threes DNA sample matches with the crime scene sample, not only because they look the same, but also because of the distance that strands travel along the gel, and the base pairs that they contain. The DNA bands of the crime scene sample were found at 10, 12, and 19 mm, instead of the bands of suspect numbers one, two, four, and five,which were found at different distances than the crime scene sample. Only the bands that correspond to suspect number three were found with similar distances to the crime scene one. Finally, the base pairs of the DNA bands of suspect number three and of the one found in the crime scene were 5,700 bp for the first set of DNA bands, 5,000bp for the second set, and 2,250 bpfor the third set. both of these results indicate that suspect number three was responsible for the crime committed in the crime scene.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, DNA fingerprinting and electrophoresis were used to determine the size of the uni que strand cut by restriction enzymes that identifies the individual who was responsible in the crime scene. This lab taught how to conduct an electrophoresis experiment, and how importantthe use of this method is to solve a problem that is common in society. In this process different DNA samples were provided, and after doing the electrophoresis experiment, it was found that the suspect committed the crime. DNA profiling, whichwascalled at first DNA fingerprinting, is used for other purposes, as was mentioned earlier. One of those is paternitytesting.At this time, this method has become less difficult than what people may believe. Some laboratories provide this service, sending to their clients a kitwith everything that is demand to collect a sample of DNA.This sample, which could be a small factor of cheek tissue taken with a swab and put in a labeled envelope, is returned to the lab to be analyzed. Sometimes when this type of test is required for legal reasons, the sample to be evaluatedis taken under supervisionin order to avoid any intentional errors. DNA fingerprinting and profiling draw become common processes, but also these have become very important because they help to get accurate results by using genetic information in order to solve different situations such as a crime or paternity identification.