Humes Critique of Causality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Humes critical review of Causality - Essay ExampleOur idea of causality arises from our impressions of three kinds of relations mingled with objects the relation of contiguousness or contact, such as when billiard balls collide, and second, temporal priority, the idea that the solution should immediately follow the arrest. These two, when interpreted together, is what Hume calls conjunction, which can be confirmed by sense experience, but it cannot give us an idea of unavoidable connection. The third kind of relationship that must be present in our idea of political campaign and effect is indeed, unavoidable connection. By necessary connection, Hume means the relation between cause and effect in which the cause necessarily produces the effect. But from what impression do we derive the idea of a necessary connection between cause and effect? Hume claims that there is no rational proof or basis for the causal formula this principle is uncorrupted custom or habit (Hume 37). We only think that a particular cause must necessarily have a particular effect because we have the idea of a necessary connection between a cause and an effect after we experience their conjunctions repeatedly. If Hume were right here, science would seem to be an impossible endeavor, for it is based on scientific causal laws (Lavine 168). If causality were reduced to a mere psychological law, then we would have no basis for scientific knowledge or any mark knowledge for that matter. The foundations of knowledge would collapse into nothing but meaningless psychology.

What is the Role of Financial Strategy within an Organization Assignment

What is the Role of Financial Strategy within an government activity - Assignment ExampleWithin the boldness, the different functions compete for the resources. Organizations tolerate to adopt certain monetary strategies in order for it to optimize resources that ar available for use (Sanwal, 2008). Once the internal allocation is taken cared of, the friendship can focus on other aspects of the organization to achieve growth.An organization is faced with the dilemma in choosing which finance strategy would best suit their corporate organize. Will it be to adopt a monetary strategy driven towards greater efficiency or towards better management of the organization as a whole It is ideal and optimal to achieve both and when an organization is able to do so accordingly it can focus efforts on the remaining functions. Some organizations have tried to standardize the established financial system to be able to replicate the system and apply it in the global spectrum.Many organizati ons have tried to focus on the enhancement of the financial function to achieve greater efficiency in the bigger picture. To be able to maintain their global positions and to determine which strategies best suit the company, these organizations do the benchmark. Benchmarking is a flexible tool in management which can be used in the various functions of an organization. Companies do industry scans and assess the strengths of their competitors (Ruth, 2006). They use these assessments to determine which areas are weak in their own organizations, which functions need to be given attention and what measures are to be taken to implement changes if there are any. In the organizations infer towards being cost-efficient and at the same time globally competitive, it encounters various problems along the way and it mustiness take note of various risks consequent with the implementation of financial strategies that it has decided to implement. Some points and important matters that the organi zation has to take into account before deciding which strategy to use are the current corporate organize and the system of the organization.Corporate structure helps determine which processes best contribute to the organizations growth and development. The flexibility of the corporate structure is also very vital especially now in the current dynamic industries we have (Sanwal, 2008).For systems, in an industry scan done by SAP, the two systems that place great weights on finance are transaction processing and finale support system (Patel-Muellers, 2006). Though companies want to focus on decision support and management, they are in truth spending their time on transaction processing. However, progress is smallish by little evident in the efficiency of the companies processes as they journey towards being more strategic.

Separating Data into Data Marts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Separating Data into Data Marts - search Paper ExampleThis happens in the early stages of the design.It is necessary to develop a plan for retirey beforehand implementing a selective information mart. This entails information requirements and prioritizing the users needs. It is also necessary to develop a unified philosophy that embraces true value on an optimized environment.For future growth, information needs to be integrated and managed consistently from across an organization. For instance, a financial data mart needs to provide equal access to vernacular financial data that would be the foundation for corporate performance management. Other areas would include data marts to service in decision making while screening the complexities associated with access to top corporate data structure. corporate experts should assist in organizing the data marts. End users should have direct access to the information they need to deliver relevant melodic line decisions.Future data ma rt designs should incorporate the process of logical design. This will conduct arranging data into a set of logical relationships called entities and attributes. This is particularly crucial in keeping the business requirements on hand throughout the design process. It is necessary to make a wish list of data elements from the business user needs. This involves setting up a list of data elements, data attributes, grouping data reasonably and setting up relationships between data. It is essential to understand the source of data this can be done by categorizing them by size (Kimball & Ross, 2002).Classification of data involves traditional presentation of facts, dimensions, and relationships between them in data mart applications. The figure below is a complete description of vigour consumption per soul type for floors in a building. The benchmarks can be created over floors. It draws a clear picture of energy consumption and

Indonesia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Indonesia - Essay Example(FAO)The average age for males is 25.7 and for females 26.6, giving a total median age population of 26.1. (Country Reports 2006) The sex ratio (m/f) at birth is 1.05, at 15-64 is 1.0, and at 65 and over is 0.78.With 21 births and 6 deaths per 1,000 people, and 36 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, Indonesia has an annual growth score of 1.4%. Life antepast at birth is currently 69.6 years. The crude birth rate per 1000 people is 22.55 as per the 1998 census. (World wellness Organization) The total fertility rate (per woman) is 2.4. The primary reasons for the decline in fertility rate in Indonesia argon an increased use in contraception, which in turn is due to economic development, an increase in the command rate, and greater work force participation for women. (Shafiqul-Islam et. al 1995) Adult male and female literacy rates argon at 93.4% and 85.5% respectively (WHO)The maternal mortality ratio, the infant mortality rate, and the under 5 mortality rate are all declining, due to several divisors including increased immunization coverage, economic growth (particularly in outlandish areas), improvement in health facilities, and greater community consciousness and participation. Constraints to reduction in mortality accommodate increasing urbanization and poverty in remote island locations. (WHO)Ethnicity of Indonesia is Javanese 45%, Sudanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays 7.5%, other 26%. Religious identity is Islam 88%, Protestant 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Buddhist 1%, other 1%. (Country Reports Indonesia)Indonesia has become a global seeded player of contract migrant workers, who secure jobs in another country for a contracted period. The push factor is the demand for unskilled labor in Australia and Thailand, for example. The scarcity of skilled workers in Indonesia is a major buy food factor for immigration into the country. (UN)Figure 3 - Religious AffiliationResourcesAverage daily protein intake is 65.74 as per the 1999 census. The people of Indonesia consume an average of somewhat 2,800 calories per day. (FAO) Indonesia has faced serious problems with malnutrition due to inadequate production and availability of certain foods. Rice is the staple of the majority of Indonesians, due to availability and expense of meat protein. (FAO) Insufficient awareness of nutritional needs and poor eating habits are among other reasons for malnutrition. Other nutritional issues such as anemia, iodine deficiency, and vitamin A deficiency are also prevalent. (WHO)Forestry is a significant employer in Indonesia, supplying around 3.7 million jobs. An estimated 51-57% of the land area of the country is covered in forest land, equating to 98-109 million hectares. 34% is designated for protection and national parks. Secondary forest products such as plywood, sawn timber, rattan, and paper are among the most heavy non-oil exports of the country. Switching to sustainable forest resources is crucial beca use the population of Indonesia is increasing relatively rapidly. The government plans to decrease opinion on natural forest areas for such products, and increase reliance on plantations, with the goal of having

Interpersonal Conflict and Effective Communication Essay

Interpersonal employment and Effective Communication - Essay ExampleBased on the movie presented, there were two place sources of conflict. One of these conflicts is the flock-focused conflicts and the other one is the informational deficiencies. People-focused conflicts were based on emotions and feelings and present an argument by means of personal attack (Hammond, 2011, n.p.). People-focused conflict was demonstrated on the film when Sarah attacked the personal integrity of Hitch as a date gear up, seeing Hitchs job as a scam. People-focused conflict does not yet center on the of import characters since it is a movie dealing with emotions. In fact, people-focused conflicts were also observed on Alberts confrontation with Hitch telling him that love was not Hitchs life only when his job on Sarahs best friend attacking the integrity of the unknown date doctor on a newspaper vendor judging Albert as Allegras boyfriend and on people in the story who judged Hitchs personality. A ctually, the movie projected a predominantly people-focused conflict against the main actor, making him the person to blame for all of the related conflicts.On the other hand, informational deficiencies such as misinterpretation from different conclusions were observed. This was demonstrated on judging Hitch unfairly as a date doctor. His viewpoints around his work have been different from the understanding of society and interpersonal conflict arises because of misunderstanding.Effective Handling of Conflict

Council of Graduate Students Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Council of Graduate Students - Assignment Example at that place is no additional hierarchy amongst the general members. The mathematical free radical is egalitarian in its scope and all the members do have an important role in it. Each general member is expected to selflessly answer the new arrivals at the college and to acquaint them with the institutions culture and values. In the case of whatever equivocalness or doubt, the general members can approach any of the five members of the governing body to seek encourage and advice. Under special circumstances, the governing body may assign special roles and responsibilities to a select group of general members. However, much(prenominal) groups happen to be task oriented and usually temporary and membership of such a group does in no way makes any general member superior to different members. As the membership of this group is open to all the college students and is voluntary in its scope and perspective, hence this group is very close-knit, bound by the common altruistic aspirations to help, guide and inform the new arrivals at the college. No specific norms tend to govern the group activities. However, the group members are strictly expected to not to consent to any racial, ethnic, religious, or political considerations while serving the new students. In case it is found that any member has gone contrary to such aspirations, strict accomplishment is immediately taken, which usually comprises of a strengthened warning. A repetitive breach of the group policy may invite a tough action like a suspension from the group membership.

Woodrow Wilson and World War 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Woodrow Wilson and World struggle 1 - Research Paper pillowcase2 He had no belief in the Presidential form of government in the precedent age of his political career. He considered that the checks and balances in the U.S. Constitution did not provide for right on some(prenominal) arm of the federal structure. He rather advocated Parliamentary form of government. However in the later years he gained confidence in the Presidential system and got elected twice as the President.3 World War 1 World War 1 started in the year 1914 among the European countries due to the deep grow naval rivalry between the great powers especially Great Britain and Germany who had amicably settled their differences only temporarily. France had misgivings about(predicate) its lost provinces of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany and the resultant enmity had been brewing between them. Austria-Hungary and Russia had been resisting warfare with the Balkan countries in the years 1912 and 1913. In item Europe h ad been witnessing a series of crises since 1900 that had brought great powers almost close to war. By 1914, the differences among these countries became insoluble and they started engaging in war against one another. 4 The United States hang ined unbiased for some years before it was forced into war due to Germanys aggressive postures. Woodrow Wilson did not believe in wars and advised the citizens of America not to wipe out sides in the war that was in progress in Europe among Germany and Great Britain and others. Wilson lost his wife in 1915 and he later married Edith Boling Galt as his second wife in the similar year. In the same year, Germanys sinking of ships of Britain gave an opportunity for Wilson to mediate between the warring countries of Europe. His visit to Europe for convening a peace conference was reciprocated by European powers. Although the United States was growing in power, it was finding it difficult to treasure her trading rights in the midst wars that wer e fought for victory and survival.5 Declaration of Neutrality Woodrow Wilson, in his message to Congress urged his countrymen to remain neutral. Since people of the United States had their origins of many nations at war in Europe, it was quite natural for them to take unlike stands. But as the citizens of the United States they should be bound together without exciting passions. If the people are divided, thus it would not be possible to maintain peace and mediate as an impartial country. 6 front Warning to Germany Since Germany had been indulging in destroying merchant vessels of the United Sates and killing its people , Wilson issued his first warning to Germany on 10 February 1915 to the then Imperial German Government against attacking merchant vessels on the high seas without ledger entry and searching for any contraband. He informed the German Government that it would be held to a strict accountability in case of attack on the merchant vessels of the U.S. resulting in loss of lives and property.7 War message to relation back In view of the continued belligerence of Germany against the United States, Wilson announced severance of diplomatic relations with Germany from 3 February 1917. In his war message to the congress on 2 April 1917, Wilson informed that Germany was indiscriminately sinking ships of neutral and friendly nations which was a challenge to all mankind. When all the affected nations were to decide how to meet the situations, the United Sates would not take action in a spirit of revenge or assertion of the countrys physical might but as the vindication of human right which the nation championed. On twenty-sixth February it was informed to the Congress that the country would assert its neutral rights with arms, right to use the sea in vengeance of unlawful interference, right to safeguard its people against unlawful violence. But as things stood in April, it

A Research on Jamaica Queens Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

A on Jamaica promote - Research Paper Example0397293616100109th Precinct6182342525468953132,264110th Precinct4453972254367411672,015111th Precinct1880523213921561,010112th Precinct36116502675951671,204114th Precinct5193183034479313362,359115th Precinct5363452614076292731,956Queens uniting291591,9921,4333,2095,1142,03713,973iii) Educationa) Public Elementary Schools Jamaicas public schools, a branch of municipal government in spic-and-span York City atomic number 18 operated by the vernal York City Department of Education under the virgin York City School Chancellor Joel I. Klein, appointed by city manager Michel Bloomberg in 2002.Public Elementary Schools in Jamaica includeP.S. 50 Talfourd Lawn Elemenatry SchoolP.S. 86P.S. 131 Abigal Adams Elementary SchoolP.S. 160P.S. 182 Samantha Smithb) one-on-one SchoolsPrivate schools in Jamaica includeArchbishop Molloy High SchoolThe Mary Louis Academy, a private, Catholic, girls high school run by the Sister of St. Joseph.Immaculate Con ception School, a co-ed Catholic school from Pre-K to 8th grade. The school is a local landmark located on the property of Immaculate Conception Church and Monastery, run by The Passionist Congregation of Priests.c) LibrariesThe Queens Borough Public Library, established in 1858, operates the Central Library in Jamaica and both the branches i.e. the Baisley position Branch and the South Jamaica Branch are also located in Jamaica. It is considered as the No. 1 library system in the United States by circulation comprising 63 branches and having loaned 21 million items in the 2007 pecuniary year. It also serves the population of more than 2.2 million, including the migrants who come down to refer this library which embraces large...Klein, appointed by Mayor Michel Bloomberg in 2002.Immaculate Conception School, a co-ed Catholic school from Pre-K to 8th grade. The school is a local landmark located on the property of Immaculate Conception Church and Monastery, run by The Passionist Co ngregation of Priests.The Queens Borough Public Library, established in 1858, operates the Central Library in Jamaica and both the branches i.e. the Baisley common Branch and the South Jamaica Branch are also located in Jamaica. It is considered as the No. 1 library system in the United States by circulation comprising 63 branches and having loaned 21 million items in the 2007 fiscal year. It also serves the population of more than 2.2 million, including the migrants who come down to refer this library which embraces large percentage of non-English expression books, particularly Spanish ones. It is governed by a 19-member Board of Trustees, which are appointed by the Mayor of the New York City and Borough President of Queens. The latter along with the Public advocate sit on the board as ex-officio members. The current director of the Queens Library is Thomas Galante.York College, a Senior College under the city of New York located in the borough of Queens after its set up in 1966. It was the first college funded under the pertly formed City Union of New York. Now, more than 6,000 students in more than 40 bachelors degree subjects are studying there.St Johns University (Queens

Organisational Culture in Social Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organisational Culture in Social Work - Essay ExampleIt should be noticed that the service manager of the department is respected by the staff and for this reason no scrap can be observed within the workplace as everything is appropriately regulated and monitored in conformance with the commands of the service manager. The assessment team has as a main task the completion of assessments for children in enquire (as described by the Children Act 1989), for pregnant women (pre-birth assessment) or even for young people that are admitted to infirmary after an episode of self-harm. Despite the well structured organizational hierarchy, the infirmarys main make looks as being ready to fall apart while no initiatives of renovation have been interpreted until now. This is a accompaniment that could influence negatively the hospitals visitors. Apart from the above issue, the hospitals operational structure should be characterized as effective the responsibilities have been appropriately distributed among the existed staff and the support provided to the hospitals visitors can be considered as quite satisfactory taking into account the conditions under which the hospitals employees have to proceed with their tasks.In order to evaluate the organizational culture of the hospital we could usage the theories of Brown and Schein. In accordance with the former with regards to organisational culturethe available literature offering the interested ref an embarrassment of definitional riches it is unsurprising that there should be a great diversity of opinion concerning what the sound out organisational culture refers to (Brown (1998, p. 7). Indeed, the description of organizational structure is a challenging task if taking into consideration the fact that firms culture can be differentiated in accordance with the structure of the internal hierarchy, the personal attitudes of the firms owners and the trends of the market (who are often considered as a criterion for the

Workplace Violence. Demonstrations of temper that impact work Research Paper

Workplace Violence. Demonstrations of temper that impact work performance and general well-being within the hospital workplace - Research Paper ExampleOther members of the surgical team, primarily the scrub tech, was noticeably upset by the actions and lack of restraint shown by Dr. X in regard to his emotional state. Upon coming the Director in regard to this behavior, it was revealed that this form of violence was common for Dr. X and the hospital has been allowing the behavior to play along without intervention. The Director made the comment Oh, that is common behavior for Dr. X. We just ignore it and Dr. X will close up all about it by tomorrow, which indicates that the issue is centered on how Dr. X feels about the import rather than on how the rest of the staff is affect by his actions. Purpose The purpose of this report is to look the ways in which this type of incident rear be avoided in the future, both in study relation to Dr. X and in relation to the behaviors an d reactions of the entire staff. Guidelines about what is and what is not permitted where behavior and emotions are pertain will help to outline how this type of incident can be avoided in the future.... The staff is affected by the impact of that unpredictability and has no stable ground on which to determine the appropriate procedures from which to overlay working. As well, the intended target of the anger is left emotionally affected, thus their work can be undermined. The do by of the patient is then compromised due to the shift in focus from the medical situation to self-protection in an environment that has become contrasted. This puts the patient in harms way as their care is compromised and the outcome of their care is put into jeopardy. Additionally, the event of a medical instrument being thrown across a style has the potential of creating damage or injury, thus creating the potential for legal liability. The potential costs of a hostile work environment are relevant on many levels. The first potential cost can be financially crippling as litigation from an employee who has experienced an inappropriate event or series of events can sue the hospital for having had no prevention, response, or intercession between the employee and the doctor who has behaved in this manner. A hostile workplace can be defined as Conduct that has the effect of unreasonably in use(p) with an individuals work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment (Colaprete, 2007, p. 182). From the forget of Harris v. Forklift Systems Inc, the decision that was made by the Supreme Court extended responsibility for actions that do not inescapably create psychological injury, but also to those events that are severe or pervasive (enough) to alter the conditions of the victims traffic and create an abusive work environment (Colaprete, 2007, p. 182). It would be reasonable to assess the event in interrogative as having the potential for

Natural law and positivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Natural fair play and positivism - try ExampleA segment of positivism purports that law and morality must operate separately. Natural law examines what the law should be (Eglinton 2005). Eglinton states in his essay entitled Natural Law that Natural law overstates the relationship between law and morality, nevertheless positivism underestimates the importance of the relationship (Eglinton 2005).Professor Jeremy Waldron has his own views on rights and democracy and the way the government attempts to mandate them by the use of laws. Professor Waldron believes that rights of a society are first and foremost in everyones mind. He believes that Majoritism has it rank in society. Unlike his opponents, Professor Waldron believes that the fact that the government allows the majority of the population to make decisions regarding laws and policies does not pack on the minority. His view is that the minority population is also considered because they too have been given the opportunity to submit or elect the officials that institute laws and policies. Waldron believes that although there are instances when democratic societies will implement laws that will contradict on the rights of the minority that the democratic process itself does not allow for the majority to be tyrants to the minority.

Shakespeare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Shakespeare - Essay Example cardinal well known film interpretations are Roman Polanskis 1971 classic and Geoffrey Wrights 2007 modern interpretation. These cardinal films have been made with contrasting values and attitudes, yet are true to the original text. Wrights version is however more suitable for a younger audience than Polanskis classic version as Wright has banding it in a coetaneous context. The movies fast paced narration, its theme of underground Melbourne clique and trendy costumes make it far more appealing to young viewers than Polanskis seventeenth one C approach.Polanski has made one of the grittiest Shakespeare films with some realistic period costuming of Zeffirelli and a cold and clammy castle set for a location. Director Geoffrey Wright in his version attempts to make Macbeth contemporary by setting it in the contemporary Melbourne underworld. Here swords are substituted by guns and royalty by gangsters. Wrights Macbeth is gritty, violent but critically d amage at times. Roman Polanski has set his play in the middle Ages whereas Geoffrey Wright moves the action into the present with an Australian background. Luxus und Dekadenz sind geradezu sprbar.Wrights movie portrays luxury and corruption. The actors are stylish, always fashionable dressed whereas Polanski replicates the Middle Ages with some realistic costuming by Zeffirelli. Fitting a play which was written hundreds of years ago into a modern film with a contemporary setting is difficult, but Wright has done it extremely well. The original play is about great powers, Lords and Ladies. Wright modernises this by transforming King Duncan into the Drug Baron and the Lords as members of his gang. The weapons are also replaced by machine guns and the horses and carriages by Audis and dirt-bikes. Technology also is evident in the movie. Macbeths house is equipped with security cameras and monitors. This makes the audience feel that the

Environmental Scanning Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Environmental Scanning Assignment - leaven ExampleEnvironmental scanning is mainly concerned with the need to find out the effect of competition, dislodge in fashion and preference ,taste ,custom ,religion and the ultimate effect of the dynamic technology ,the government policies ,and the outward incarnate social responsibility that has at recent been a major drive and with a perception of fully grown back to the consumer .The need to do is to outline the possible effect on the placement ,whether the effect is vast term or short term depending on the company s objective ,mission and vision and the order of magnitude of the change.A research study about Apple Inc. as presented in The New York Times indicates business concern analysis report that shows various business performances. This information is significant to the Apple Inc. in the sense that it offers equal news on the current market trends on Apple products in comparison to their market competitors. This too acts as a benchmark to the firm to check on their drawbacks and focal points on their products and services in various market platforms. The information in the newspaper assists the firm to understand their position in the world(prenominal) market and areas where they experience a drop in their overall economic rating. The newspaper also highlights on how Apple Inc. has been acquiring other firms and how the organization performs with fresh injections from the acquired firms. There is also information about how the organization performs after acquisition on new firms.A balanced use of financial and strategic controls bequeath help ensure that Apple Computer both benefits from feedback on past performance and communicates the important drivers of incoming performance. The following criteria provide a set of measures to effectively determine the companys success.Weaknesses that have been associated with Apple products are non many however

The Diamonds (author J Sorie Conteh) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Diamonds (author J Sorie Conteh) - Essay ExampleThe story is a classic example of handed-down African culture in disagreement with contemporary justice.The Diamonds explores the human misery and social meltdown caused by Sierra Leones great diamond rush of the 1950s. Gibao Semabu, a successful peasant farmer, leaves his village for the Brave untested World of diamond mining at Sewa. It is a totally different, corrupt world, where money is made right away and then lost, theft is accepted, as long as one is not caught, and prostitution is very ofttimes a part of life. Initially timid but driven by an extraordinary ambition to obtain rich quick, Gibao succumbs to the greed and graft of the mines, and takes things further he commits ritual murder after being told by a sorcerer that this will help him find large-size diamonds.The Diamonds, on one level, is a parable of the closing of peasant life by encroaching modernity - in the manner of Thomas Hardy, it juxtaposes the bucolic , beautifully staged society of rural Sierra Leone with the graft-ridden, violent world of unregulated capitalism, showing how a clash between the two leads to the destruction of the former.

More Beer, Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

More Beer, Inc - Case Study ExampleMore Beer Inc. has to place extreme care while issuing termination notice to any of the employees included in the controversy supplied to me by you. I am trying to analyze the cases of each employee one by one in order to get more insights into the moral, legal and business aspects involved in the termination of them.microphone is by all odds an asset to the company since his track records are above average. One of the major problems facing by HR managers at preset is the identification of skilled personnel for a particular job. In this difficult period, the operate of citizenry like microphone who is performing above average is essential for More Beer Inc. when we consider the emerging of our company. It should be noted that many of our employees are performing average or below average and Mike is one among the few of the employees who are performing above average.Mikes age is in spades a positive factor for our company. People in the 30s and 40s are usually performing better than people in the 20s or 50s. In other words, younger age and older age of the employees are equally problematic to an organization. Young employees may go through enough energy, but they may not have enough experience or expertize whereas older people may have enough experience, but they may not have enough energy or willingness to perform well. Under such circumstances Mike is an idle person for the company in his committedness to work. He has not taken a single day leave during his career with us which is definitely a factor we must consider in favor of Mike.As we all know, the major drawback of Mike is his heavy accent of speaking English. It is a fact that others are facing some problems in intellect him. However, firing Mike only because of his poor accent cannot be justified under the existing laws in America with respect to race discrimination. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), prohibits the

Human DNA and Sexual Differentiation Essay Example for Free

Human DNA and Sexual Differentiation try outThere has with respect to viewing human evolution, consequently far, hardly been any greater an academic sum than that which has occurred between sensual anthropology and genetics. For anthropologists the union has been particularly beneficial as DNA has been incorporated into the quest to understand human evolution. Some scholars have referred to this as the culmination of the evolution of the once distinct fields be symbolically by Darwins theories on evolution and Mendels speculation regarding genes one scholar has opined that Darwin and Mendel atomic number 18 the core, the essentials of understanding. These basics work together.The gene pool the hereditary property of a cosmos of animals maintains the variation of the population or species, and mutation tends to increase that variation. Darwins selection cuts back the less favorable variation, in that way sculpting the inheritance of the species. (Howells 8) Fossils and genes, taken together, illuminate in ways that one without the other simply cannot. This refers to the disc overy of positive cognition as well as the discovery of long-established fallacies in the field of physical anthropology (Marks 131). This essay leave focalisation on a few types of positive know conductge regarding the evolution of human DNA.More specifically, this essay will discuss how DNA variation can be used to explain some of the evolutionary physical features for sexual differences in humans as they pertain to run-in, sexuality, and visual spatial skills. As a exploratory matter, it is important to acknowledge that human sex differences were not always as pronounced as they ar now. There were genetic variations that occurred over a long period of time and these genetic differences are lucid in the fossils used by physical anthropologists to piece together how and why DNA has evolved as it has over the course of time.Scholars seem to agree that the evolution of h uman DNA is unique in certain prize for purposes of this essay, it is significant to note that, regarding sexual differences in species, It is apparent that these same cross-species sex differences have become much pronounced in humans (Joseph 35). The evolution of human DNA with respect to sexual differences is greater than has been prepare in studies of other species. It has been demonstrated that DNA evolution led to Homo erectus distaffs experiencing a vaginal reorientation at the same time that males experienced a change in pelvic structure (Joseph 35).The consequences were fearful as this likely resulted in the development of long-term relationships between males and females this is because, rather than being dependent on estrus in order to get pregnant, females were now physically and genetically configured to be sexually receptive continuously rather than sporadically. These long-term relationships also seem to have coincided with males and females establishing more pe rmanent or semi-permanent homes. It can be argued, to some degree at least, that this genetic variation led to an embryonic judgment of marriage and home.These human sex differences were further accelerated with the genetic evolution of the outlook indeed, as the brain became larger, this required a larger birth canal and an increase in the sexual physical specialisation in the size and width of the H. erectus (Joseph 35). DNA varied to accommodate these changes and they are manifest even today in the way that women walk as well as in the more fragile genius of their pelvic bones when compared to their male counterparts.As the female was evolving there were practical consequences for instance, The transformation of the human female hips and pelvis, however, also limited her ability to run and maneuver in space, at least, compared to most males (Joseph 35). These DNA variations thus functioned to separate males and females and to lay the physical groundwork for other changes. Thi s evolution in human DNA, in turn, led to a division of labor predicated on these newly exaggerated differences between the sexes. Generally speaking, women became gatherers and men became hunters. for each one of these roles demanded different types of skills and the human animal adjusted through the mechanism of its DNA. The female role demanded careful language skills rather than violence whereas the male role demanded aggression and physical strength. In explaining how the male DNA evolved to adapt to the males developing function, one scholar has noted that successful hunting requires prolonged silence, subtle visual-spatial and gross motor skills, and the capacity to endure long treks in the pursuit of prey. These are abilities at which males excel, including late H. apiens (Joseph 35). In short, many of the human sexual differences noted today can be traced to the ways in which human DNA has evolved over time in order to adapt to changed environments and to changed sex rol es. In the final examination analysis, even a cursory examination of the history of the evolution of human DNA suggests rather persuasively that there are watershed events which can aid in understanding the uniqueness of sexual speciality in humans and how sex roles evolved in response to that sexual differentiation.

Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone Essay Example for Free

peasant Soldiers in sierra Leone EssayThe subversive United Front of sierra Leone (RUF/SL) invaded Sierra Leone from Liberia in March 1991. Initi entirelyy they claimed to be a policy-making movement supporting liberation and democracy. Instead the RUF, in reality, was an insecurely combined musical arrangement of mainly upriselious young people that inflicted mortal disaster through and through bring out the country of Sierra Leone. The political revolution mess eon failed to sop up popular support, the RUF board on a barbarian ten-year civil fight that had devastating consequences for civilians, in particular children.General Information about peasant SoldiersThe numbers of child soldiers be continually variable given the growth of diverse build up conflicts. The number of children infra the age of 18 who hand been forced or induced to take up arms as child soldiers is ordinarily thought to be around of 300,000. Non-governmental military organizations tend to re cruit soldiers under the age of 15.Governmental arm forces, on the other hand, be more wishly to recruit soldiers under the age of 18. From what is kn aver the age of 7 is the youngest a child soldier discharge be. Over 50 countries currently take on children under the age of 18 into their militia.picFigure 1. The Afri piece of ass situation since Africa has without any doubt the largest number of child soldiers1What is a child Soldier?UNICEF, The United Nations Children Fund, defines child soldiers as any childboy or misfireunder eighteen years of age, who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity2.According to the Coalition to Stop the usage of Child Soldiers Child soldiers perform a range of tasks including participation in combat, laying mines and explosives scouting, spying, acting as decoys, couriers or guards training, drill or other preparations logistics and support functions, portering, cooking and domestic labour and sexu al thraldom or other recruitment for sexual purposes.3Girls atomic number 18 also called child soldiers and this is the case for some reasons. Girls usually fulfil numerous roles. While they are commonly recruited and used for sexual purposes, they are almost unceasingly also caught up in other military responsibilities. These include fighting, laying explosives, portering, and performing domestic tasks.How many child soldiers are thither?It is difficult to give a worldwide number of child soldiers at any one time. There are various reasons as to why exact figures cannot be calculated. An practice is that military commanders frequently mask children or do not allow access to observers. gird groups regularly operate in dangerous, unapproachable zones to which observers do not have access and many children carry out support roles and are therefore not visible in military operations.How do children run low soldiers?A special report on the impact of armed conflict on children wh ich was created in 1996 explained how children become soldiers. In the report it is stated Hunger and poverty whitethorn drive parents to offer children for service or attract children to volunteer as a way to guarantee regular meals, clothing or medical attention. just about children become soldiers to protect themselves or their families in the face of violence and chaos around them, bit others, in particular adolescents, are lured by ideology. Children also identify with social causes, religious expression, self-determination, national liberation or the pursual of political freedom, as in South Africa or the occupied territories.4 Another reason emphasizes the efficient economic value of children, especially for tedious tasks. An important explanation to keep in mind could be that child soldiers may be valuable for signalling purposes. A rebel leader may hope to show significance, commitment or terror through abduction of a child5. Finally, some people insist that young child ren are more malleable, adaptable, and obedient, as well as more easily persuaded and deceived. Therefore they are said to be easier to manage and retain6. If children are as productive as adults, we should find a disproportionate number in armed groups.The pursuit two case studies give examples of what a girl and a boy have gone through during Sierra Leones devastating civil war. By describing their tasks, the reasons as to why these violate pitying Rights can be clearly seen.Case Study FatmataFatmata was one of only two survivors from her village in Sierra Leone. She was barely six years old when she was captured by the cruel rebel groups. She was taken to a rebel stronghold and forced to work under harsh conditions as a servant. In Fatmatas own words We had to work all day while they would curse my mother and abuse me. When she got older, Fatmata was forced to become the second wife of one of her rebel captors, therefore meaning she was raped and gave birth to the child of a re bel.7Case Study Ishmael BeahIn A massive federal agency Gone Memoirs of a son Soldier, Ishmael Beah, now twenty-six years old, tells a successfully enthralling story of his life as a child soldier. At the age of twelve, he fled from rebel attacks and wandered a land caused to be unrecognizable by brutality. By thirteen, he had been captured by the government army, and Beah, even though he was a dingy young boy at heart, found that he was capable of truly terrible acts. At sixteen, he was taken away from fighting by UNICEF. Beah, like many other child soldiers, had gone through devastating psychological traumas and through the help of the staff at his rehabilitation centre, he influenceed how to pardon himself, to regain his benevolentity and was finally able to heal.8Human RightsAccording to the Truth and propitiations commissions report the use of local anaesthetic as well as international human rights mechanisms in responding to the shocking criminal acts that took place in Sierra Leone during the previous decade is important to the development of international human rights law9. Sierra Leone became a subdivision of the United Nations in 1961 and is a signatory to most of the important human rights committees including the chemical formula of the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. The Government of Sierra Leone has also ratified the optional protocol. Children Rights Act has been enacted in Sierra Leone quite recently in 2007. The Government of Sierra Leone signed and ratified the Protocol on 8 September 2000 and 15 May 2002.Convention to the Rights of a ChildThe Convention to the Rights of a Child (CRC) is built on diverse lawful systems as well as cultural traditions. The Convention is a universally agreed set of fixed standards and obligations. These human rights set the least amount of pre-emptive declaration and freedoms that should be valued by governments. In Article 38, the Convention on the Rights of the Child insist that governments to take all possible mea surelys to guarantee that children under 15 have no direct involvement in warfare. The Convention also sets 15 years as the stripped age at which a person can be willingly recruited into or willingly signs up in the armed forces.10 nonobligatory ProtocolThe Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the contribution of children in armed conflict symbolizes a progressive leap in the international law in order to defend children from the damaging do of recruitment and use in warfare. The Protocol requires States who authorize it to obtain all practicable measures to make sure those members who are part of their armed forces and are under the age of 18 do not have a direct involvement in the fightings. States must also raise the minimum age for voluntary recruitment into the armed forces from 15 years but does not require a minimum age of 18.The Protocol reminds States that children un der 18 years are entitled to distinctive protection and so any voluntary recruitment under the age of 18 must include adequate protection. positive recruitment below the age of 18 is fully banned and States parties must also take sub judice measures to forbid self-governing armed groups from recruiting and using children under the age of 18 in conflicts.11 ARTICLE 1 of the Optional Protocol States Parties shall take all feasible measures to ensure that members of their armed forces who have not deliver the goods the age of 18 years do not take a direct part in hostilities. This shows that the Protocol raised the age that children are allowed to be a member of an illegal or legal armed force from 15 years to 18 years.UNICEF and The International Rescue Committee and how they have helpedIn Sierra Leone, UNICEF was the lead agency for child protection, which worked with its colleagues to reduce arms, and to release and reconnect process for child soldiers from 1998 to 2002.They cons truct protecting(prenominal) and healthy educational environments where former child soldiers obtain the opportunity to learn how to live without weapons, gain natural skills which enables them to be prepared for their future and to learn how to become prolific citizens in their society.Most importantly they are given a second chance to learn how to be children again. Demobilized children were moved to temporary care centres back up by UNICEF where they were given health care and also psychosocial counselling. They also participated in educational and recreational activities while family tracing reunification was going on. A vast majority of former child soldiers have been reunited with their families. overture to education and family and community support programmes have been the key to their success to help the former child soldiers12.With central office in Freetown and three field offices in Kono, Kenema and Kailhaun districts, the International Rescue Committee provides pro grams that focus on child protection, education, and health, specifically for former child soldiers after the civil war ended in 2000. The IRC kit and boodle to increase local participation in project activities, build local capacity, promote and protect human rights, partner with local communities and organizations, and address relief and development needs in a holistic fashion. The Revolutionary United Front rebels released 600 child soldiers. The International Rescue Committee provided education, skills training, and psychosocial care to 100 of them13.ConclusionTo conclude, there have been many programmes that have been created to reduce and assist former child soldiers. Off course it is not possible to help every single child soldier and there are many reasons for this. several(prenominal) of the reasons are that there are still a number of these soldiers that may still be touch and their whereabouts are not known. During the civil war, many of the parents of these children w ere killed, so it is difficult to reunite them with their families, and if they are lucky another(prenominal) family member may still be alive in order to look after them. Organisations, like UNICEF, provide homes for former child soldiers who are unlucky to not have anybody. By education and counselling, children learn to forgive themselves for violent crimes they were forced to commit and help themselves to progress in the future.REFERENCES Beah, I (2007). A Long Way Gone Memoirs of a Boy Soldier. New York Harper Perennial. p5-218. Beber, B and Blattman, C. (2010). The Industrial Organization of uprising The Logic of Forced Labor and Child Soldiering*. on hand(predicate) http//chrisblattman.com/documents/research/2010.IOof anarchy.pdf. endure accessed 6th declination 2010. Coalition to break away the use of Child Soldiers. (2007). Questions and Answers. on tap(predicate) http//www.child-soldiers.org/childsoldiers/questions-and-answers. dying accessed 1st declination 2010. Michael Odeh and Colin Sullivan. Children in gird Conflict. Available http//www.yapi.org/rpchildsoldierrehab.pdf. Last accessed eighth December 2010. Office of the United Nations laid-back Commissioner for Human Rights. (1990). Convention on the Rights of the Child . Available http//www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm. Last accessed eighth December 2010. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2000). Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Available http//www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc-conflict.htm. Last accessed 8th December 2010. Report of the Sierra Leone Truth Reconciliation Commission. (2004). Children and the Armed Conflict in Sierra Leone. Vol. 3B, p231-340. Spagnoli, F. (2008). Human Rights Quote (49) Child Soldiers. Available http//filipspagnoli.wordpress.com/stats-on-human-rights/statistics-on-war-conflict/statistics-on-child-soldiers/. Last accessed 8th December 2010. UNIC EF. CHILD SOLDIERS. Available http//www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/briefing/soldiers/soldiers.pdf. Last accessed 1st December 2010. UNICEF. FACTSHEET CHILD SOLDIERS. Available http//www.unicef.org/emerg/files/childsoldiers.pdf. Last accessed 8th UNICEF. (29 April 2008). What is a child soldier?. Available http//www.unicef.org/emerg/index_childsoldiers.html. Last accessed 4th December 2010. UN Works. Fatmatas Story. Available http//www.un.org/works/goingon/soldiers/fatmata_story.html. Last accessed 8th December 2010.1 Spagnoli, F. (2008). Human Rights Quote (49) Child Soldiers. Available http//filipspagnoli.wordpress.com/stats-on-human-rights/statistics-on-war-conflict/statistics-on-child-soldiers/. Last accessed 8th December 2010.2 UNICEF. (29 April 2008). What is a child soldier?. Available . http//www.unicef.org/emerg/index_childsoldiers.html. Last accessed 4th December 2010. 3 Coalition to stop the use of Child Soldiers. (2007). Questions and Answers. Available http//www.child-soldier s.org/childsoldiers/questions-and-answers. Last accessed 1st December 2010. 4 UNICEF. CHILD SOLDIERS. Available http//www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/briefing/soldiers/soldiers.pdf. Last accessed 1st December 2010. 5 Beber, B and Blattman, C. (2010). The Industrial Organization of Rebellion The Logic of Forced Labor and Child Soldiering*. Available http//chrisblattman.com/documents/research/2010.IOofRebellion.pdf. Last accessed 6th December 2010. 6 Beber, B and Blattman, C. (2010). The Industrial Organization of Rebellion The Logic of Forced Labor and Child Soldiering*. Available http//chrisblattman.com/documents/research/2010.IOofRebellion.pdf. Last accessed 6th December 2010. 7 UN Works. Fatmatas Story. Available http//www.un.org/works/goingon/soldiers/fatmata_story.html. Last accessed 8th December 2010. 8 Beah, I (2007). A Long Way Gone Memoirs of a Boy Soldier. New York Harper Perennial. p5-218. 9 Report of the Sierra Leone Truth Reconciliation Commission. (2004). Children and the Ar med Conflict in Sierra Leone. Vol. 3B, p231-340.10 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (1990). Convention on the Rights of the Child . Available http//www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm. Last accessed 8th December 2010. 11 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2000). Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Available http//www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc-conflict.htm. Last accessed 8thDecember 2010. 12 UNICEF. FACTSHEET CHILD SOLDIERS. Available http//www.unicef.org/emerg/files/childsoldiers.pdf. Last accessed 8th13 Michael Odeh and Colin Sullivan. Children in Armed Conflict. Available http//www.yapi.org/rpchildsoldierrehab.pdf. Last accessed 8th December 2010.

Memorable summer Essay Example for Free

Memorable summer EssayMagic, name of the cruise line we went on last summer, shed one and only(a) thousand feet long as some(prenominal) as twenty seven length of take aim buses combine and fifteen pads above of surface sea water, and because of a imagination, my kids called it by big boat. We were rattling excited, and my kids had been asked about the trip e actually night since spring. Also, we were join a crowd had flipper families were going to. Wow, base spend on cruise sounded alike(p) it could defecate a lot of fun, or at least I would hope I could. After the Magic took off the Galvestons port, we have our first group dinner at North eating house on deck ternary, that how it called because there were a South Restaurant on the early(a) side of the lobby. Big group with a lot of small kids we were usually had three adults staying at the line, while the rest of us watched our children at lobby. Then by and by thirty legal proceeding of waited, the waitress l ed our group to the tables on the side off restaurant next to the window, where the kids could ciphered out to line up the big ocean and the displace was moving, were have a big table, but with twenty people, the table could non h sometime(a) enough seats.Then, we had to separate into two small groups three families at table next to the window and the other two families sit at the table next to it. My family was at the table close to the shopping centre of restaurant with the other family, Tue, Hac and there two kids, Ronan was three years old as analogous as my second son Justin, and Summer was twenty two month olds which was four months younger than my daughter Julia and my pentad years old son, John.Pretty much all-next dinners we were sat at the same table with the same host and waitress, and later I were have that were how the restaurant call for to set up table as the same everyday, so they can keep track easy. For breakfasts or lunches, we were called each other t hat were there, the Lido restaurant buffet on deck ten, first to reserved tables for the whole group because it was perpetually crowed. We were assistanted each other to get feed for our kids, because there were lots of people, almost four thousand passengers on board plus employees, tried to have breakfasts or lunches made all the lines was very long. in that location were the Mongolian dispose fry boot, I was had to wait forty- five minutes to get my turn, so I told the chef that I would like two dished of stir fry noodles instead of just only one I had been want from beginning. At the same time, Kevin, one of my friend, got pizzas and cheeseburgers afterwards thirty minutes of waited, or Hac got a pancake after twenty minutes waited So, to blank the hunger of our kids, we were usually shared foods with every one, and whomever stayed at table had to take care the kids.It was a mincing thing of group vacation. Although, that were first time our kids met on board, but they we re reckon click together in reality fast. They were almost same ages. There were had two more boys same as my older boy was five years old. They were all like to swim and play at the water park a lot. There was a salt pool at open deck ten with four feet deep seem like dangers to all of our small kids, then we told them to go to the fresh water park on deck twelve. Most of kids, they are like to play with water, so our kids were the same.Although, water park were just almost size with basketball field, and not really have a big and high water slide like the one at Slash Town up north Houston, but our kids really love to test around. My husband had taken my oldest son, John, got in line delay for a big water slide. He was really loved it, but he did not want to go again. Because they were have to wait forty-five minutes, and he was just want to have more fun running around with his friends, his brother and sister. Instead of waiting at the line, there were still had a small wate r slide for under three feet tall, and they were very happy to just play there.Also on board had tent for all kids ages with no unnecessary charge, and our kids loved to go there. At room from two years old to five years old was most our kids went to. There were three teachers in class with a lot of activities such as sing, read, draw, dancing just like at Kids r Kids day care. They were also had a lot of toys that made our kids loved to be in there too. Although, pack have a lot of things kids like, but of course kids were always want to go with parents. However, to all of our kids if they heard the other go to camp then they all want to go such as when I asked my kids, John, Justin and Julia, that they would like to go camp.The first thing, they were always asked that the other, Ronan, Jefferson, Alan, Elainewere at camp too, then they would go. This was happened all the same way to my all friend, and we were told each other that our kids to hang around than us. Of course, the y were five years old and younger, their simply thought fun were just mean be playing together. The camp was open from eight o quantify in the morning to three oclock in the afternoon, and they open back from five oclock in the afternoon to ten oclock in the evening. With that time frame I could have little time for my self.One day after drop off all kids at camp, all of us were walking around deck ten. We frame at one side of the ship were not had many people, our group kind of little lousy, and we sat there and started to plan what should we do with no kids at that time. Then all ladies started playing cards, and all work force were want to play basketball on deck twelve. We were made joked and laughed to each other. The weather was clear grisly sky with little wind, and sometime we could taste a little salty from the wind. We were sat there and look out distance just only blue sky, seawater and wind we felt so peaceful, unwind and stress less.I had been thought the wind blew a ll pressure of life off, and dropped it into the big blue ocean. enchantment all ladies sat there relax, then all men were having fun with basketball. I did not know how much fun that they had but turn out one of our men got leg hurt, and they had to stop after fifteen minutes. So they were came back, where we were and sat with their wives, and when the ship still going and none of us could know where was the ship head. While kids were at camp, all moms and dads were laid on the chairs enjoy time with lots of joked and laughed on a beautiful day were remarkable vacation for us.Vacation for a family with three small children like mine was has never been much fun before, but this cruise trip was a best summer vacation for every one of family members. Especially travel with group have children as almost same ages were help our kids got company, then we, moms and dads, were really could have free time to relax our self. We were also can looked each other back to help other parent or th ey could help us. Although our trip we did not do much things special, but every one of our group, kids, moms and dads, were had seized our great time for our self and together that just simple of happiness.

The trend today among youths Essay Example for Free

The trend today among youths EssayQuestion 2The trend today among youths is to own the latest technological gadgets such as mobile phones and other devices. Is this a healthy training among young good deal? Give your opinion. You should write at least 350 words.In this neo world of ours, technological devices such as mobile phones and other gadgets are no longer unconnected to us. Most of the young people today are treating these luxuries as a necessity as they contend to own the latest devices, leading to the adults questioning whether this is a healthy or an unhealthy development for youths today. In my own humble opinion, this issue will be a never-ending argument because it solely depends on the user itself to determine their purpose of using these devices. Thus in this essay, this issue rear end be discussed in terms of both healthy and unhealthy development and some recommendations.Firstly, with these newest devices, young people ass ingress information wherever th ere are with just a touch of their fingers. This can benefactor to stretch forth their knowledge about the current issues of our world which will be a key government agency to purpose their mind to a higher level. They can also use these facilities to help them in their studies. entirely of these can help our country to produce more intellectual people which indeed is a healthy development by contributing to a more productive nation.In the old days, we had to do a plow of work and research in order to finish our school assignment, which is time consuming and tiring. Now we can obtain any information we need for our assignment without having the need to go to the library anymore. This can help the students to save more time for them to do other things. Furthermore, students can also increase their efficiency of work. The governing also supports this by launching the Wireless Village programme so that both rural and urban people can access the internet without having to subcrib e to any internet packages. Overall, students can perform better and move around more productive in their work, so this is certainly a healthy development.Moreover, young people that copy after these latest technological devices can help to strengthen the countrys commerce done the constant supply and demand of gadgets. This can help the government to focus more on maturation this applied science or subsidising companies in this industry as it can guarantee good profits. Besides, in puff with the previous years budgets, the government is giving out smart phone rebates to citizens above the age of 21. All of this can help to improve our economic level and lead to a more developed country, whence another sign that it is a healthy development.On the other hand, this trend to own the latest technology devices could lead to a waste of money. Even though these devices are useful to us, but the fact is that to the highest degree young people are chasing the latest devices regardles s of cost. Mind the word latest as they scarce want the latest edition that is being released in the market almost once per year for contrastive brands such as Samsung and Sony. In order to progress up with the trend, these young people are voluntary to waste their money or more accurately their parents hard-earned money. Instead, they could use the money for better purposes like get books or stationery.Furthermore, as time goes by, they might eventually become ungrateful for what they already have and keep nagging for new gadgets. This is unhealthy as it breeds materialism. In addition, if one did not have proper set within oneself while using these devices, one will easily become a victim to mingled addictions such as social networking and games. This can cause the young users to become distracted and greatly lessen their work efficiency. As for students, their performance at school might become affected. To add to the matter, young people can easily access inappropriate c ontent such as porn and violent materials at a young age, unsupervised. All of this can retard their minds growth and become influenced by negative things. In the end, these devices become a bane to them instead of a boon to the development of society.Hence, for us to fully utilise the advantages of technology, I humble share some of my recommendations. Firstly, parents play a big role as theyspend the most time with their children thus they should watch strictly over their childrens practise of these devices per day by limiting it. Next, the government can work on preventing or blocking umteen harmful websites in our country so that young people have no access to it.In conclusion, I believe that in the end, it depends on the user itself whether to abuse or to use the devices to their disadvantage or advantage. We can draw an analogy from guns used by the police it enforces the law by a turn it abets the crime. It would be illogical to put the gun in jail instead of the person w ho pulls the trigger. Similarly, it is we ourselves that click the mouse or swipe the screen of our gadget so we must use it responsibly to contribute towards a happier and healthier development in society today.

Juvenile Statistics Paper Essay Example for Free

upstart Statistics Paper EssayCrimes are act by juvenile offenders every day and to gain a better understanding as to why they commit such crimes the trends guard to be evaluated. The following statistics are decisions made in 2008. These findings will lapse a clear understanding of the over in all decrease in juvenile guards made, touch base on the extend in drug offenses and open appalls, provide implications for juvenile fe manlys and members of ethnic and racial minorities, examine the increase in arrests of juvenile females and the decrease in arrests of male juvenile offenders for violent crimes, and assess the tracking of juveniles arrests as a method of measuring the amount of and trends in juvenile crime. In 2008, there were about 2.11 one thousand million juveniles arrested. Overall, there were three percent fewer juvenile arrests in 2008 than in 2007 and violent crime arrests bring down cardinal percent. These findings are made by local law enforcement agenc ies throughout the country who report to the FBIs Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR). From 1990-1997 the juvenile arrest set out for drug abuse violations increased cxlv%. The rate declined 28% from 1997-2008 but the 2008 rate was 78% more than the 1990 rate. From 1980-1997 the juvenile arrest rate for simple assault increased 156%. This number declined a dwarfish amount in 2002 and raised a small amount through 2006.Following the decline over those two years, the 2008 arrest rate for simple assault was greater than the 1980 rate for most racial groups. In 2008, females accounted for 30% of juvenile arrests. There were a rack up of 629,800 females under the age of 18 who were arrested in 2008. Racial composition of the U.S. juvenile population ages 10-17 in 2008 was 78% white, 16% black, 5% Asian/Pacific Islander and 1% American Indian with Hispanics being include in the white racial category.Of all juvenile arrests for violent crimes in 2008, 47% were white/Hispanic, 52% were black, and 1% Asian and 1% were American Indian. Juvenile female arrests increased for simple assault, larceny theft, and DUI patch male arrests decreased. From the mid-1980s to the peak in 1993, the juvenile arrest rate for pip more than doubled. Then, the juvenile arrest rate for murder declined through the mid-2005, reaching a level in 2004 that was 77% less than the 1993 peak. The process in the juvenile murder arrest rate that began in 2004 was interrupted in 2008 as the rate fell 6% over the past year, resting at a level that was 74% below its 1993 peak. (Puzzanchera, Charles. 2009. Juvenile Arrests 2008.)Juveniles have certain protections under the law but the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) admits us to encumber track of what crimes, known to the police, and arrests made during the reporting calendar year. Based on the information provided by the UCR, the FBI prepares its yearbook Crime in the United States statistical compilation. This information is used to provide details on t he period and nature of juvenile crimes and if there are any trends being made. Some of the findings from the UCR Program is that juveniles accounted for 16% of all violent crime arrests and 26% of all property crime arrests in 2008.Another interesting finding by the UCR is that between 1999 and 2008, juvenile arrests for aggravated assault decreased more for males than for females (22% vs. 17%). During this period, juvenile male arrests for simple assault declined 6% and female arrests increased 12%. The UCR also found that the juvenile murder arrest rate in 2008 was 3.8 arrests per 100,000 juveniles ages 10 through 17. This was 17% more than the 2004 low of 3.3, but 74% less than the 1993 peak of 14.4. In 2008, 11% (1,740) of all murder victims were younger than age 18. More than ternion (38%) of all juvenile murder victims were younger than age 5, but this proportion varied widely crosswise demographic groups. (Puzzanchera, Charles. 2009. Juvenile Arrests 2008.)The conclusion i s simple, the overall juvenile arrests made for violent crimes only fell two percent than the year before and more juvenile females are committing more violent crimes. All of the statistics that were discussed have been analyzed and examined. Criminal Justice and Juvenile Justice Professionals should be able to identify and organize these statistics to social organization a preventative system within a community to deter such delinquent acts. The UCR reports and findings allow Americans to understand the crime trends within the juvenile justice system.References(Puzzanchera, Charles. 2009. Juvenile Arrests 2008.)

English-language films Essay Example for Free

English-language films EssayMany people wonder these days if peoples lives rotate around the choices they make. This is absolutely true. Everyone in this world is responsible for who they ar today. Their choices and ideas pave the road for their future. A advert from Confucius says this, Peoples lives are the result of the choices they make-or fail to make. The path one use ups in life is not arbitrary. Choices and their consequences determine the cable of every persons life. All people, whatever their circumstances, make the choices on which their lives depend. Confucius is absolutely right.It is a well-known fact that if you take wrong turns in life, you will end up in a wrong state. The regular humanity psychology states that when a person goes and ends up in a icky state, they blame others and most of the prison term never take responsibility for it. Take a look at this scene, and look carefully courtship this happens all the time no matter the circumstances. There is no way and it is impossible for a tiddler who takes drugs, does alcohol, doesnt obey their parents to find themselves at an Ivy-League college. Sometimes, people change their paths along the way and somewhat improve.But if you cargo deck going in the wrong direction for your entire life, you will not get anywhere. Think somewhat the people who are successful in this world. For examples, lets observe Mark Zuckerberg. He is the youngest billionaire in the world. He was focused, he was determined. In fact he was so passionate about programming that he dropped out of Harvard, the form one school in America. He used his talents, worked his choices and made Facebook. Not all of his choices were good. Some were actually fearful some choices actually got him into trouble with others. This is where the trouble comes in.Wait if some of my choices are good, and some are dingy, then whats going to happen with my life? Nothing will actually. All that matters is that the majority will subdue the system. If you assume more bad than good, you are more likely to take a wrong turn. If you have more good over wrong, you will most likely take a good turn. blush I have taken wrong turns and bad choices. Everyone has. Nobody in this world is perfect. In fact, victorious all good choices and all good turns in life ends up as a bad choice. Even though nobody is perfect, its your own self that will determine your future, what you want to become, your status in life.Thats why its good to switch your determination in life if you are on a bad path. Stick with soulfulness and change your mood. Change your attitude, fix your choices, and keep yourself organized. If you are a person nurture this essay, lets say about 12 or 13, even 14 to 18. You still have time. You have so much future ahead of you, dont give up hope cause your choices sometimes do divide your future. Sometimes these choices of yours will end you up in a bad place if you dont work hard. A wise person, my ow n father once told me that it doesnt make you a bad person if you take bad choices.It makes you a bad person if you dont learn from your bad choices. He also told me that if you want to be someone when you grow up, work hard. In elementary, in middle school, and in high school, work hard so that you can build your base for the future. He concluded with me that once you pay off all your duties, go to college, and graduate, you have the rest of your life to enjoy. Whether its doing your dream job, making millions of dollars, then retiring into a large estate. This is called a dream. If you have more good choices in life, your dream will come to. Trust me, its always worked before.

A clockwork orange Essay Example for Free

A clockwork orange EssayBy the end of the brisk Alex has changed as if by clockwork, because he cannot stop himself growing up into an adult and he knows that he go forth become one of the bullied race as the new youth are born, and if he has kids that they will go through the same process as he did, just homogeneous clockwork and he cannot stop it from misadventure and nor would I be able to stop him. And nor would he be able to stop his own son, brothers. And so it would itty on to standardized the end of the world.After chapter two, he said I am a clockwork orange, this is because afterward Lodovicos technique, he had no free will because as he could not even protect himself from fights because whatever the doctors said he would do, in this sense he has become a machine, or a clockwork toy, like childrens toys, as this romance has many references to childrens things, which have been warped, like the milk with drugs in it, and now Alex being a clockwork toy.These att empts to change him failed because he had become a mechanism of the doctors, and change was forced upon him, but the final chapter of the have shows that people change and mature naturally from within, change cannot be forced upon them. The novel Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde has a solely different structure to that of A Clockwork orange.In Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde on that point is the use of multiple narrators, instead of just the one. This tells us, that there was no voice for the people not in the higher sort of society with the upper furcate only important, because all the narrators are all high- chassis people with well paid jobs, as seen by Mr Utterson the lawyer this shows that Victorians had a very narrow view of society.This relates to Robert Louis Stevensons background because he was brought up in the upper middle classes of Edinburgh, he was raised as a Calvinist, in which the elect were the ones blessed by God, who run out rich and the reprobates had a bad vivification, how ever Stevenson mavericks against this and gives up law to become a writer, and he marries an already divorced woman with three children, he also by the final years of his life travels the world, this is why we only hear from Jekyll/Hyde in the last chapter, because Hyde represents rebellion , as Roberts life was very restricted, like Jekyll before he rebelled, but after he rebelled he was free like Hyde.Stevenson breaks the book apart in this modal value because at the time he wrote the book, society was disintegrating, as immigrants were coming to London delivery disease, religion was breaking apart because of science, crime was rising, and there was a huge division of classes, and Hyde in the novel is represented as foreign, as he is described as some damned juggernaut, which is a Indian religious statue which is carried through the streets not stopping even if people are crushed underneath it, delineation him a some sort of disease.The style of Jekyll represents that of the o ther narrators in the novel, because all of them are upper class men so they are expected to talk in a certain manner, as seen however I have been pedantically exact, as you call it, this is quite a high class way of saving, and Jekyll is narrowed by this way of speech because he is high class.However in the final chapter, the nomenclature starts to change because he has to make a final decision about who to stay as, Jekyll, or Hyde, as he start to become scared, as when Jekyll starts to describe his transformation into Hyde the language becomes more fluent, fun, youthful language Edward Hyde would pass away like a stain of breath upon a mirror However Jekylls speech was respectable, but with boundaries, and was very sharp and did not flow like Hydes.Jekyll enjoys evil in the form of Hyde, because in a way it gives Jekyll an opportunity to experience free life without having to be a lower class. He enjoys the life of Hyde more because it has no boundaries, and he feels free with it. In Jekylls normal life he is spring by upper class rules so he has no passion, which he really wants.This resembles A Clockwork Orange, as the final chapter of A clockwork Orange, ends unhappily, because Alex has lost all his passion, and beauty, because of his changes in music I was slooshying more like malenky amatory songs when he was small he was full of life when hearing Beethoven, and he has lost that as he has become older, his fun youth days have gone.This is like Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde because with Jekyll his class binds him, so he cannot be free and have wild fun, but when he is Hyde he is free and youthful I was a good deal plunged into a kind of wonder at my vicarious depravity, he is also younger, lighter, happier, and he gets a dogged recklessness when Hyde.Stevenson is like Hyde in the sense that, Hyde is a figure of rebellion again the upper class boundaries, and Stevenson did exactly the same as he rebelled against Calvinist beliefs. He could also be seen like Jekyll, bounded because of his class, but Stevenson bounded by his illness, and all the time he wanted to break free, and finally he did, to become an individual, not held back by beliefs, or morals. This novel says that morals and classes cannot bind human nature, people have to become what they become, and there is no stopping that, because as people grow they will change, and rebel against beliefs, which they think, are wrong.

Learning Team Reflection Essay Example for Free

Learning team Reflection EssayThis past week, our team has been going everywhere and reflecting on four main objectives. These main objectives be differentiating between accrual priming coat and cash basis accounting, the process of creating adjusting entries, and adjusted trial balances. We allow for also collectively discuss our opinions of what would be the most important skills learned in an accounting fructify. In accordance to week threes objectives, I would have to say that everything that we have gone over is essential to our success in future accounting positions, however, we feel that the most important skill is to be able to accurately playscript the inflow (revenue earned) and the outflow (expenses utilities, etc. ) of monies.Accural vs. Cash Basis Accounting concord to the readings, accrual basis accounting is defined as in which companies record, in the periods in which the events occur, transactions that multifariousness a companys monetary statements, e ven if cash was not exchanged. In other words, it manner that recorded or un-recorded, all transactions are taken and projected into the overall balance.Cash Basis Accounting basis in which a company records revenue only when it receives cash, and an expense only when it pays out cash. This means that this means of accounting, only takes accountability of the physical cash that is at a physical location. The differences, Accural is all transactions whether recorded, unrecorded, or projected. Cash is the physical monies on hand at a physical location and does not record earnings until payments are actually made.Create adjusting entries This week we have been given a lot of institutionalise on how to create adjusting entries to financial documents and internal financial memos (such as balance flat solids). There are five types of adjusting entries Accrued revenues making adjustments to a service that has been performed but not billed. 1. Accrued expenses expenses such as hire p aid to an employee. 2. Unearned revenues payments for goods or services to be delivered at a future date. 3. Prepaid Expenses assets that are prepaid and gets used up during the accounting period. 4. Depreciation process of allocating the cost of an asset. When adjusting entries are created, they are created in real time. These entries are important so that the net profit or loss and the financial position can be established. Prepare an adjusted trial balance.Again, we have practiced a lot this week in being able to boffoly and accurately adjust entries in many different financial documents and of course, adjusting entries in trial balances have been some of those documents that we have worked on. In order to be a successful accountant, being to be able to successfully adjust entries in a trial balance sheet could be the very life factor in clutch baging in accountant position. If we are unable to accurately record a trial balance the likelihood of us being able to hold our po sition as accountants is slim to none.

Housing Statistics Essay Example for Free

Housing Statistics EssayThe retroversion root is as well known as the outflank fit line for the given info. The data points may not form a straight line. The line that best fits or best describes the relationship of the given dependent and independent variables is the line that would have the nominal perpendicular distance from the given data points. This line is used to analyze the relationship of the different variables given. It scum bag also be used to predict or estimate other data points. In this paper, the regression line of the given data will be computed using a given tool from a certain website. The data will be analyzed to help in the decision making of the possessor of the construction business. With the information given above, at that place is no question that the number of housing starts increases as the post rate goes down. With the predictions of financial experts that mortgage rate will continue to dip in the next attack years, the housing constructio n business should be prepared in the executable increase in demands. universe the owner of a housing construction business, effective project projectning should be in place. The employees should be prepared with the possible increase in the demand of housing construction projects as the interest rates continue to go down. A plan should be in place covering how to approach the possible increase in demands. Risks and uncertainties should also be identified as early as possible and there should be a detailed work breakdown structure to get ready for the coming projects.The plan should also encompass all aspects of the construction business from the materials procurement, subcontractors to employees who will be working(a) on the projects. It should also include plans for the next coming years as the trend will probably continue as forecasted by financial experts. The data given should be used to forecast demands as accurate as possible.Using the data in the forecast, accurate measure s can be implemented in terms of working with subcontractors and where to source materials. Decisions to be made with regard to projects will depend a lot on the data being forecasted by experts.ReferenceRamat-Gan. (2003, June 30). Interest Rate Plunge Will Continue. Lecture Notes. Waner, S. Costenoble, S. (1999). Simple Regression. Retrieved solemn 2, 2006 from http//people. hofstra. edu/faculty/Stefan_Waner/newgraph/regressionframes. html

High School and School Teachers Essay Example for Free

High School and School Teachers tryAbstract The report underscores the importance of the skills that are roughly essential and associated with course and college readiness, Paul Weeks says. Since many secondary give lessons teachers arent familiar with the skills that have been identified as the almost essential to take after in college, spicy check educators cover a breadth of skills. Postsecondary instructors would rather slang more depth, non a broad couch that are only an inch deep, asserts Weeks. For example, two pupils set up pass algebra yet have vastly polar experiences and their knowledge can vary greatly. Colleges review coterie titles but rarely evaluate the essential skills master in the class. Now we know what skills lead to college and life readiness, suggests Weeks. And the more high school teachers are witting of those skills and can teach them, the better their graduates will fulfill in postsecondary education. Boone County schools likewise are collaborating with Northern Kentucky University to organize basic math programs. We want to make reliable that every student is at that level of mastery. It drives everything we do, Karen Cheser says.To elevate students to be college ready, it requires conversations, transparency, and a willingness to put out data. It takes community-will and providing resources, she remarks. offspring Title The Hispanic sentinel in high Education Publisher The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education booking 08/2013 Study Explores why many High School Graduates Are not Ready for College by Gary M Stern depicted object Type Journal Article Abstract The report underscores the importance of the skills that are most essential and associated with career and college readiness, Paul Weeks says.Since many secondary school teachers arent familiar with the skills that have been identified as the most essential to succeed in college, high school educators cover a breadth of skills. Postsecondary instr uctors would rather see more depth, not a broad range that are only an inch deep, asserts Weeks. For example, two students can pass algebra but have vastly different experiences and their knowledge can vary greatly. Colleges review class titles but rarely evaluate the essential skills mastered in the class. Now we know what skills lead to college and career readiness, suggests Weeks.And the more high school teachers are aware of those skills and can teach them, the better their graduates will perform in postsecondary education. Boone County schools also are collaborating with Northern Kentucky University to develop basic math programs. We want to make sure that every student is at that level of mastery. It drives everything we do, Karen Cheser says. To prepare students to be college ready, it requires conversations, transparency, and a willingness to put out data. It takes community-will and providing resources, she remarks. Publication Title.The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Educatio n Publisher The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Date 08/2013 Study Explores Why many High School Graduates Are not Ready for College by Gary M Stern Content Type Journal Article Abstract The report underscores the importance of the skills that are most essential and associated with career and college readiness, Paul Weeks says. Since many secondary school teachers arent familiar with the skills that have been identified as the most essential to succeed in college, high school educators cover a breadth of skills.Postsecondary instructors would rather see more depth, not a broad range that are only an inch deep, asserts Weeks. For example, two students can pass algebra but have vastly different experiences and their knowledge can vary greatly. Colleges review class titles but rarely evaluate the essential skills mastered in the class. Now we know what skills lead to college and career readiness, suggests Weeks. And the more high school teachers are aware of those skills and can t each them, the better their graduates will perform in postsecondary education. Boone County schools also are collaborating with Northern Kentucky University to develop basic math programs. We want to make sure that every student is at that level of mastery. It drives everything we do, Karen Cheser says. To prepare students to be college ready, it requires conversations, transparency, and a willingness to put out data. It takes community-will and providing resources, she remarks. Publication Title The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Publisher The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Date 08/2013.

Working in the childs best interests

running(a) in the childs top hat interestsThe Childs Best InterestI did everything they asked me (Bergner, 2006). Abiding by the rules did non by any means inspection and repair Marie desexualize her children back from state custody. Children be one of the closely vulnerable populations so when they are put in situations that can harm them, the state allow for get involved. The child welfare establishment bases decisions on whats in favor of the childs best interest. In Maries case, her mother wasnt capable of helping to care for the children while she recovered so the state had to rail control. She was too un get to be their mother. The child welfare corpse is a structured way of dealing with this vulnerable population through the idea of parens patriae and the bridal and Safe Families fiddle of 1997 that relates to termination of parental adepts (TPR). When the well-being of children is overlooked, the policies that encompass the child welfare system will be enforced .Parens patriae is the principle that empowers government institutions to venture into the intimate realm of child-rearing and effectively deputizes social workers to knock on the doors of family homes and gain entrance (Bergner, 2006). Under this doctrine, any state worker had the right to enter Maries home at any time if they had probable cause to investigate a situation involving children. This government policy came into effect because it literally translates to parent of the country (Bergner, 2006). Parens patriae didnt start off as what it means in todays society. Back in the days, children were seen in a contrastive light. They were seen as laborers and not as innocent, helpless individuals who accept a voice when faced with unwanted obstacles (Hatcher, 2012, p. 163). The idea that the state is the guardian of these helpless children where state officials, much specifically social workers could assume the roles that a guardian possesses was the real motivation. The soci etal quantify back tooth this policy was that the states were finally recognizing that children had rights that needed to be protected and served (Hatcher, 2012, p.165). In Maries case, parens patriae responded to her necessitate. The social workers did everything in their power to help her get her children back, but it just wasnt enough. The parens patriae doctrine acknowledging children with rights that need to be tended to paved way for the acceptation and Safe Families Act of 1997. The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 became a policy that plays an important role in the child welfare system because it allows for children to get out of the foster care system and achieve unchanging placement, whether through reunification or betrothal (Halloran, 2014, p. 53). The number links federal money to states efforts to move children toward adoption after they have been in temporary care for 15 of any 22 months (Bergner, 2006). The societal value that led to this policy was cate ring to the childrens well-being. Children are seen as a worthy category that needs the help they can get when put in situations that are at no fault of their own. This act was created to prevent children from lingering in foster care (Halloran, 2014, p.57) until they were the legal age of 18 where they would technically be able to fend for themselves as adults. Termination of parental is a component to the child welfare system that basically ends legal rights of biological parents to children they have lost to the system. Termination criteria lie along a consecutive scale where a courts determination of the conditions that justify the termination of parental rights is in degrees of objectivity and subjectivity (Halloran, 2014, p. 61). In other words, parents go through an evaluation to determine if they are fit or unfit forrader termination of parental rights occurs. The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 led way to the termination of parental rights. The policies of parens p atriae, the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 and termination of parental are all valid policies that respond to the needs of the recipients if the outcomes are in favor of the parents. When things are good and parents prove that they can take care of their children, the policies have no faults to them. The minute the outcomes are not in favor of the parents, the policies do not tend to the needs of the recipients. Overall, thither are many pros and cons to these policies. To say that these policies are followed thoroughly and fairly is an understatement. Decisions regarding whether these policies are followed are examined case by case. Each case has their own unique circumstances which in turn will have different results.Policies are put into place so that the results yield the best outcomes. In the child welfare system the main goal is to tend to what is in favor of the childs interest. Its the reoccurring theme behind the child welfare system. When you have a case like Marie , where she is doing everything in her power to become this fit mother the policies are not in the best interest for the recipient. Separating mother and child is not a goal in the policies but that is what happened in her case. To fully understand where judgments and decisions are made, one must take into perspective the social control that is behind the social welfare system. Its all about constructing policies ground on what is right and what is wrong. Whats right to one person may not be right to another and whats wrong to one person can be perceived as not wrong to another. No matter what, government intervention in the child welfare system is something that will always be a part of the system.ReferencesBergner,D. (2006, July 23). The Case of Marie and Her Sons New York Times. Retrieved from http//www.nytimes.com/2006/07/23/magazine/23welfare.html?pagewanted=all_r=0Halloran,J.T. (2014). Families offset Reframing Parental Rights as Familial Rights in Termination of Parental R ights Proceedings. U.C. Davis Journal of Juvenile Law and Policy, 18(1), 51-93. Retrieved from http//heinonline.org.ezproxy.lib.uwm.edu/HOL/varlet? supervise=hein.journals/ucdajujlp18div=6collection=journalsset_as_cursor=0men_tab=srchresultsterms=18U.C.DavisJ.Juv.L.PolHatcher,D.L. (2012). Purpose vs. Power Parens Patriae and Agency Self-Interest. New Mexico Law Review, 42(1), 159-202. Retrieved from http//heinonline.org.ezproxy.lib.uwm.edu/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/nmlr42div=9collection=journalsset_as_cursor=0men_tab=srchresultsterms=parenspatriaeimportancetype=matchall

Holistic Development of a Child

Holistic Development of a kidskinUnderstanding how sisterren develop is an important obligation for all those who work in early years practise. Practitioners study to develop an savvy of the implications of sisterrens victimizational processes in order to meet individual fates. The key to this understanding is the ontogenesis of skills in observe barbarianren and of interpreting those observations.Throughout the observations the aim is to analyse their abilities to the norms of a child their age and to comp atomic number 18 and analyse the results against what child discipline theorists lease understood through relevant reading and understanding gained from experiences, alike to explain how the characteristics of the child and features of his/her environment may interact to square up growth and victimization.A holistic turn up to child development pictureks to simultaneously address the physical, emotional, relational, in positectual, and spiritual aspects of a child s life. The importance of the Holistic Approach is that it pincerren evolve different things at different layers, e.g. walking, public lecture, fine ram skills etc. Holistic development is the overall development of all aras of development in children. at that place are umpteen proven techniques used in observing children. Dep block uping on the reason for the observation some methods allow relay the information to a greater extent(prenominal) clearly, the observation that draw been taken have been done in the drop off description written record method, checklists, web diagram. The free description is observed when a specific task is set, appropriate to the age and stage of development of the child. It is a description of an event unfolding casing on, written in the present tense so that the commentator can appreciate what has happened. The disadvantages are that may non be able to convey e actuallything you behold as it happens and sometimes it is difficult to keep up with what is happening and it may produce an unwieldy amount of information this can be seen in Appendix 1. Checklist or developmental guides are often used for assessing a child on one particular mean solar day, yet can be used over a long period of time. Checklists often highlight areas of a childs development that have previously gone unnoticed. For simulation in Appendix 5, I was able to concentrate scrawnyly on what the children were doing and could observe things as they unfolded as I was looking for them. The advantages of the checklist method are that it is a quick way of presenting a great recognize of information. The disadvantages are that care must be taken to maintain objectivity.The eccentric of the childcare and educational practitioner in a home placement stays the same as it would in a tutor or nursery and we close up have to abide by the confidentiality policies.The 1989 United Nations Convention on the sounds of the child sets out 54 phrases. The Ar ticles that relate particularly to observing children areArticle 12 baby birdren have the veracious to say what they think should happen when adults are making decisions that shanghai them, and to have their opinion taken into account.Article 13 peasantren have the right to receive and to share information, as long as the information is not damaging to them or to others.Article 16 pip-squeakren have the right to privacy. The law should protect them from attacks against their way of life, their well-behaved name, their families and their homesUnder the Data protection act 1988 the observations taken pull up stakes require to comply with the eight entropy protection principles to be fairly and law adepty processed, to be processed for limited purposes, to be adequate and relevant and not excessive, to be accurate and finally not kept longer than necessary.The placement setting is in a loving family with both parents present. The sire older 32 is not working as she is consol e on maternity leave the father age 33 works full(a) time Monday to Friday. at that place are four children in the placement family. shaver D the oldest female age 5 attains response in the school down the road, pincer C the middle female child age 3, attains pre-school half(prenominal) a day Monday and Tuesday and stays with a child minder all day Wednesdays. At the end of the placement tyke C is attaining pre-school all day Monday and Tuesdays, she similarly has Hypermobility. The twins babe B and Child A age 6 months on get starteding signal day of placement. Child B is male and the jr. of the twins. Child A is female and also suffers from Hypermobility.The placement is over a period of 4 months in which I shall being observing Child A and Child B. The fathers pregnancy was healthy with no problems. Her starting signal off child, Child D she was in labor for 26 hours, the second, Child C it totally lasted nigh 30 minutes, she says I was afraid that I was spilla ge to have her down the toilet The labor for the twins was also rattling quick only lasting 1 hour. The mother explains that during the beginning of the pregnancy you couldnt even tell I was pregnant and I felt fine but when it came to 28 weeks I got very giant and it became very heavy and uncomfortable. She went full term of 39 weeks. Child A weighed 6lbs 10oz and came out head introductory with no complications. Child B weighed 5lbs 15oz and tried to come out positioningways because of the extra turgid by and by Child A left, the midwife had to push the baby fend for and turn it roughly inside the mothers womb. There was 18 minutes among Child A and Child B. When Child B came out he was black and blue but was breathing but the doctors were unsure whether he would survive because his Apgar score was 3. The very first test rendern to your newborn, the Apgar score occurs right laterward your babys birth in the talking to or birthing room. The test was designed to quic kly evaluate a newborns physical condition after delivery and to determine any immediate need for extra medical or emergency care. Although the Apgar score was essential in 1952 by an anaesthesiologist named Virginia Apgar, you may have also heard it referred to as an acronym for Activity, Pulse, Grimace, Appearance, and Respiration. The Apgar test is usually given to your baby twice once at 1 minute after birth, and again at 5 minutes after birth. Rarely, if there are concerns about the babys condition and the first two scores are low, the test may be scored for a third time at 10 minutes after birth. Five factors are used to evaluate the babys condition and each factor is scored on a case of 0 to 2, with 2 being the best scoreactivity and muscle timberpulse (heart rate) side response (medi mobilizey k instantaneouslyn as re contract irritability)appearance (skin coloration)respiration (breathing rate and effort)Doctors, midwives, or nurses add these tailfin factors together to calculate the Apgar score. Scores obtainable are between 10 and 0, with 10 being the highest possible score. (www.kidshealth.org/parent/newborn/first_days/apgar.html). Children that have a score under 6 rarely survive.The mother believes in a constant occasion and that her children behave the way they are because she does not smother them and entertain them when they proclaim, she encourages them to make up by themselves as to establish independence from an early age. She says let the babies cry for a bit and they will sort themselves out. still obviously if the child has hurt themselves or really needs attention she will give them love and care.There are not many socio-economic factors within the family as the children were all planned, although the mother obviously didnt predict twins, she explain thatthey are lucky to be in a position to be able to give their children a knowing and healthy lifestyle. During the placement the father got a new ponder in which he is going to be earning more than. The mother explained that they were considering her going back to work but she they indigence to give stay out of work until the twins are in school. Also during the placement the parents make a very important decision that do there life forever, they had decided that the father was going to get a vasectomy. They made that decision that they have had the number of children that they want for their family. The mother also gets apportion of supporter from the family as both parent have parent walking distance from the household and the house is always full of family members.Physical development The different areas of development that the observations will be center on are- physical development, this is divided into gross motor development, and how children grow and acquire physical skills, from gaining head control to full agility. Fine motor development linked with vision and hand-eye coordination.(Frankel, Hobart, 2004)A childs physical development depe nds just as practically on nurture as it does on nature. On the one hand a child is born with a genetic map that will guide such(prenominal) matters as height and global muscle development but on the other the childs environment will influence overall health and activity levels which contribute to physical development. (http//www.kidsdevelopment.co.uk/EncourageChildsPhysicalDevelopment.html)The developmental norm for a baby aged between sustain to 9 months are brook gross motor reflexes rooting, sucking and swallowing reflex. Grasp reflex. Walking reflex. Moro reflexBirth fine motor reflexes pupils reacting to light, open eyes when held upright, blinks or opens eyes wide to sudden sound, commence reaction to sudden sound, closing eyes to sudden bright light.1 month gross motor reflexes In prone, lifts chine. In supine, head moves from side to side. Arm and leg extended on face side. Begins to flex upper and lower limbs.1 month fine motor reflexes Hands fisted. Eyes move to swing objects.3 months gross motor reflexes Held sitting, head straight, back and neck firm. Lower back still weak. When lying, rose hip is flat.3 month fine motor reflexes Grasps an object when placed in hand. Turns head right round to look at objects. Eye contact firmly established.6 month gross motor reflexes In supine, can lift head and shoulders. In prone, can rise up on hands. Sits with support. Kicks strongly. May wave over. When held, fucks standing and jumping.6 month fine motor reflexes Has learned to grasp objects and passes toys from hand to hand. Visual virtuoso well established. (Frankel, Hobart, 2004 p.178-179).From Appendix 5 we can see that Child A has substantial slower in the physical development area. She is able to do all the norms for a baby aged6 months but after 6 months her brother starts to develop quicker and we can see that may be crawling before she does. When observing Child A it seems that she doesnt seem to understand where her feet are, is could be because of the Hypermobility is when Connective tissue proteins such as collagen give the body its intrinsic toughness. When they are differently formed, the results are mainly felt in the moving part the joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments which are laxer and more fragile than is the case for most people. The result is joint laxity with hypermobility and with it comes vulnerability to the effects of injury. These may cause troublesome and persistent problems, but do not affect the vital organs and thus do not pose a serious threat to life. (http//www.hypermobility.org/whatishms.php). Child B is evolution physically at a popular rate. Looking at appendix 5 we can see that he is eager to crawl and is progressing well. If I was to return to the placement family in a couple of months I predict that Child B will be crawling and able to sit unaided.One of the many main theorist that surround child development is Jean Piaget he believed that, knowledge comes from personal ex periences, he recognised four individual stages. The first two years of a childs life the sensorimotor stage when babies and toddlers knowledge and understanding are chiefly drawn from physical action and their aesthesiss sight sound grasp touch and smell. He suggested that throughout this stage children remain egocentric but stick aware of object permanence. (Pound, 2005, p.37) Piagets first stage of development (Sensorimotor stage) is only relevant to these observations as it is aimed at children aged from birth to 2 years old. This is the stage where a child does not know that physical objects remain in initiation even when out of sight. (http//www.funderstanding.com/content/piaget)Early on, children are only able to perceive things that are right in front of them, but as they mature, they understand that if a ball rolls under a run and they can no longer see it, it still exists, under the chair. This is an especially important understanding for children, component them to have an increased sense of safety and security since they can now grasp the fact that when milliampere leaves the room, she hasnt disappeared, but will soon return. (http//www.kidsdevelopment.co.uk/EncourageChildsPhysicalDevelopment.html)Both children seem to understand that when the toy is put behind mums back its not there, but they still try and reach for it as they know that mum is hiding it. But when the toys are packed away they understand that its gone.At the beginning of the placement Child B would cry when mum left the round and he continuously looked around for her, towards the end of the placement he stop doing this. The same thing happened when they were in the buggy, Child A and Child B should start to cry as they were unable to see mum but they both could hear here. Later this stopped.Their ability to grasp objects is still maturation and they are doing a lot of physical movement. They find comfort in playing with objects around them. Child A and Child B are develop ing an awareness of space from rolling from side to side and distance as they both reach for things. There is one toy that will make both childrens interest and they seem to be comforted by this particular toy. The childrens mobility is developing as they are aware that reaching and moving will get them what they want and the satisfaction when this is achieved shows on their faces. Child B is able to handle and grasp object while Child A is struggling. The children become rigid, throw their limbs in the air when something has upset them, when they want to be picked up they reach out for the person.Child A and Child B have been making eye contact with their peers giving them confidence, physical, psychological and emotional comfort. The children observed enjoy the company of others and like to copy facial expressions and sounds that those around them make.Cognitive and Language development Language development, which is from the first cry, through the growth of verbal communication skills, to true speech and understanding. Also Intellectual/cognitive development, the development of childrens ability to think and learn through interacting with their senses and experiences (Frankel, Hobart, 2004)The developmental norm for a baby aged between Birth to 9 months areAt birth Cries vigorously with some variation in sales talk and duration.1 month Cries become more differentiated to indicate needs. Stops and attends to voice, rattle and bell.3 months Regards hands with intense interest. Beginning to vocalize.6 months Finds feet interesting. Vocalises tunefully. Laughs in play. Screams with annoyance. Understands purpose of rattle. (Frankel, Hobart, 2004 p.178-179).From Appendix 2 we can see that Child A is developing more in the communication area as she is chatting all the time and has already said da da several times. This is encouraged by the family. Child B is not developing as fast in the language norm as his sister as he is only communicating his feelings t hrough crying and giggling, while Child A is able to chat and sing and is now developing coping noises.Child B likes attention, looking at Appendix 2 we can see that he uses his crying language to gain attention and to be picked up. Burrhus Skinner worked on the Behaviourist theory, which human act to avoid punishment and gain reward. Skinner emphasised reward. He believed that punishment was counter-productive. Skinner also applied demeanourism to language. He believed that all language was learned by reward. How Children Learn, Linda Pound 2005. So Child B understands that his crying will eventually lead to reward of being picked up which is what he wants. The mother in the placement is trying to stop this as she believes that children should be left to entertain themselves.Chomsky was so opposed to Skinners views that he developed a theory, based on the idea of language development as an essential process. He hypothesised that we are born with a language acquisition device w hich gives us an inbuilt understanding of language structure. Noam Chomsky proposed that all humans have a LAD, (language acquisition device). The LAD contains knowledge of grammatical rules public to all languages. The LADalso allows children to understand the rules of whatever language they are listening to. Chomsky also developed the concepts of transformational grammar, surface structure, and deep structure.-www.languagedevelopment.tripod.comNoam Chomskys theory that humans are born with a special biological hit mechanism, called a Language Acquisition Device (LAD). His theory supposes that the ability to learn language is inborn, that nature is more important than nurture and that experience using language is only necessary in order to get off the LAD. (Fifty Major Thinkers on Education from Confucius to Dewey, Joy. A. Palmer).So therefore Child A and B are already aware to what is being said around them and have some understanding of language, they would definitely sense to ne of voice and both children can recognise their mothers voice as a comfort noise.Appendix 3 also shows cognitive development in that both children are use to their bath time routine and like the experience.The children make sounds in social interaction. Their interaction with Child C (older sibling) creating interest and they enjoy interacting with her. plump levels are intriguing when there is a sudden noise.Lev Vygotsky is also another important child development theorist he emphasised the importance of families, communities and other childrens influences on children. Vygotsky believed that language and thinking were key talking about everyday experiences would help children learn more about communication. The zone of proximal development is what a child can do alone and what they can do with someone more skilled or experienced. The social context for learning is when child learn through interaction with others. How Children Learn, Linda Pound 2005.Social and aflame developme nt Emotional development, from initial total dependence to full independence and autonomy. Social development, from close adhere to full and rich relationships with a complex network of children and adults. (Frankel, Hobart, 2004)The developmental norm for a baby aged between Birth to 9 months areAt Birth Bonding/attachment.1 month Watches mothers face with increasing alert facial expression. Fleeting smile may be wind.3 months Reacts with pleasure to beaten(prenominal) situations/routines.6 months Takes everything to mouth. Responds to different emotional tones to chief caregiver. (Frankel, Hobart, 2004 p.178-179).Erik Erikson, whose influences mainly came from Anna Freud, Sigmund Freuds daughter, was largely concerned with how personality and behaviour is influenced after birth, not before birth, and especially during childhood. In the nature v nurture (genes v experience) debate, Erikson was firmly focused on nurture and experience. His theory of eight stages of psychosoci al development basically asserts that people experience eight psychosocial crisis stages which importantly affect each persons development and personality. -www.businessballs.com. Erikson created a wider and more educationally relevant theory of psychodynamics by integrating social and cultural factors into his writing. His work also stimulated interest in self-identity and adolescence. (Pound 2005) Erikson explained that things that happen when we are children affect us when we grow up. For example, we know that orphans who werent held or stroked as infants have an extremely hard time connecting with others when they become adults and have even died from lack of human contact.During the first year of life, a baby forms their first feelings about the world and whether or not it is a safe place based on the level of logical care provided by the primary caregivers. When trust develops successfully, the child gains a sense of security but if this sense is not developed, a fear and in ner mistrust of the world is formed. Anxiety and insecurity are declarative mood of an unsuccessful beginning. (http//www.kidsdevelopment.co.uk/EriksonsPsychosocialDevelopmentTheory.html)Babies like displace everything into their mouths, and their senses of taste, are the primary sensory organs until about the age of 8 months. And even afterwards its still a first stop in terms of exploring things (touch is a very important first sense, too).Mouths are useful for exploring the texture of things, too. As we can see from Appendix 2 and Appendix 6. Child A and Child B both like to explore objects by putting them into their mouths.While Bronfenbrenners theory, in line with the social constructionist theories of Vygotsky, Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917-2005) developed the ecological systems theory to explain how everything in a child and the childs environment affects how a child grows and develops. He labelled different aspects or levels of the environment that influence childrens developm ent, including the Microsystems, the mesosystem, the exosystem, and the macrosystem. (http//www.mentalhelp.net/)Child A and Child B are beginning to understand their environment as the family have a routine, which we can see from Appendix 4, that the children are aware of the routine and that putting them down on the carpet means time to move about.Jay Belsky believed in high-quality child care, he produced an evaluation of the Sure scribble programme and a report published in 2005 inform that in Sure Start areas the most underprivileged groups had managed rather worse that similar groups in non-Sure Start areas. The next report issued in 2008 showed much greater improvements. Belsky reported that the risks are that more hours in any kind of childcare across the first four-and-a-half years of life and, separately, the more time in childcare centres, the higher the levels of problem behaviour(and) that children who spend more time in non-maternal care through their infancy, toddler and pre-school years experience somewhat less harmonious mother-child relationships through their first three years. They start school being somewhat more aggressive and self-willed than children with less non-maternal experience. How Children Learn 3, Linda Pound 2005. Appendix 4 shows that Child C attained a child minder on Wednesdays. The placement mother has spoken about her believes in making her children more independent which is why her first two children have gone to a child minder one day a week and she is going to take the twins to a child minder to. As she thinks it is wide for the children to be able to interact with other people not just mummy, it helps them build confidence.There is a definite attachment with the mother and the children but there is also an attachment with the older siblings and the grandmother, who visits a lot. magic Bowlby developed the Attachment Theory, when children show preferences for closeness to a small number of adults and these attachm ents are a normal and universal part of human development. We need that attachment from birth as babies seek out such attachment with the aim of being fed and protected as it brings the feeling of being safe. The attachments we have at childhood may determine our relationships as adults. How children Learn, Linda Pound 2005.From comparing the observations to the EYFS (Early Years Foundation Stage) Child A and Child B are developing an understanding of themselves and what they are capable of doing. This is recognisable during observing them in all types of situation such as carpet time, bath time and feeding.Recommendation are to let the children continue to stretch and grab things on the carpet, maybe using different material such as shining objects, crinkly objects, light, soft and heavy objects, to encourage the children to be confident and explore new objects.Babies need to develop some sense of self-identity in order to develop self-confidence and self-esteem. A starting call for in this journey is to find ways of helping babies recognise themselves. (Practical EYFS Handbook, Penny Tassoni). Child B is purpose it harder to gain confidence in playing solely so the mothers approach to encouraging him to do so is an ongoing process, babies cry fact but Child B needs to learn that he vernacular be cuddled all the time. Letting children touch things to work out for themselves what it is and letting them choose what they want and not giving in to their cry if they cant reach as they might if you give them time.Playing games with the Child A such as touching the parts of the body as you say them will help them to develop a greater understanding of where their body parts are and helps to create a happy game to play. Also playing feet moving games and moving her legs around helps stimulate her limbs. Being physical and close to your children and making eye contact with them and having conversations with them about anything provide ideal opportunities to develop language skills, especially with Child B. Using key words helps babies to develop language and singing songs and rhyming. Child B is also call another nick name which is endearing but may confuse him in developing mention of his name.Through this observations they have lead me to believe that the children are at a normal level of development, Child A is less able to grasp an hold object and her physical development is less than Child B, as Child A has Hyper mobility which means that she will develop physical ability such as standing, crawling and sitting up straight slower than her brother (Child B). But she is communicating and talking more than her brother which could indicate that she is developing quicker in the language and communication area. There is nothing to vex about with the childrens development rate although one is developing quicker at something then the other could be because of the fact that one has hypermobility so she will definitely take longer to develop phys ically but also because one is female and the other male may also be a factor.The role of the practitioner is crucial in observing and reflecting on childrens spontaneous play, building on this by proviso and resourcing a challenging environment which supports children and extends specific areas of learning and extends and develops childrens language and communication in their play in a safe environment.The observations taken have helped explain why the children carry out certain behaviour and have leaded me to understand more about child development theory. The most success full observation was the checklist type as it gave me direct answer, the free disruption was effective but I felt that I was missing things as they happened as I was still writing when they happened.Throughout the placement I have enjoyed the experience and I have gained experience with babies and have found that they are not as fragile as I first thought and that I do understand what their noises mean and I ca n distinguish between a hungry cry and Im sad I need attention, cry. I have also learned that it is healthy for babies not to be seen to straight away when they first start to cry, that they can indeed sort themselves out and ignoring and leaving the children to cry helps them to become more independent.